能夠見到所有人都參與思考論證是一件樂事,然而很多時候會發現不必要的無效爭論。經常都肇因於抱持著既有意識形態來規範他人,甚至是以他人背景來糾正其言行。譬如日前舉辦的同性婚姻入法公聽會,反方參眾多以家庭須由一男一女組成的既有觀念來規範正方,正方亦有以宗教背景之由來糾正反方論述。事實上,在正式的辯論會上這類型不對事件而是從辯士背景或理念出發的演繹皆是犯了人身攻擊(Attacking the Person)的錯誤,如此會使討論的品質下降,或是陷入無窮的立論(basis)迴圈。
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